In 1961, he amplified his argument in social behavior. The theory is no longer covered in a full chapter of the current edition. Homans is best known for his research in social behavior and his works. Social exchange theory has its origins in the field of sociology in the work of george c. Social exchange theory in psychology verywell mind. The critical analysis that may be called here simply as maping ideology embodied in theory is.
Since its publication as social behavior as exchange, several other theorists like. The purpose of this paper is to suggest homans social exchange theory set, a management theory, as an explanation for some of the findings of some of the hawthorne experiments 19241933, which demonstrated how social situations play an important role in task performance and productivity and how social exchanges can facilitate it. Discussion address the critique that homans social exchange theory reduces human interaction to a purely rational process that arises from economic theory. Exchange ideology also strengthens the effects of equal opportunity and attitudes i. Pdf on nov 12, 2012, jacek tittenbrun and others published the the theory of social exchange of g. Social exchange theory iowa state university digital repository. He defined social exchange as the exchange of activity, tangible or intangible and more or less rewarding or costly, between at least two people.
Social exchange theory of george homans and peter blau. Its elementary forms may 01, 1974 homans, george caspar. George homans, john thibaut, harold kelley, and peter blau. One postcollege intellectual influence on george c. Emerson and those whose work subsequently built on their. For homasn, the most general covering laws are found in behavioural psychology. According to this theory, developed by sociologist george homans, people weigh the potential benefits and risks of social relationships. George casper homans august 11, 1910 may 29, 1989 was an american sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and the exchange theory homans is best known for his research in social behavior and his works including the human group, social behavior. Social exchange theory, supply chain management, trust, purchasing. George homans in 1958, created the social exchange theory.
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social. Understanding the social exchange theory with realworld. According to george homans, the social behavior is an exchange of material goods, and it is also intangible, such as the symbols of approval and prestige. Less valuable actions by an individual member lead to.
Social behavior as exchange career account web service. Social exchange theory is linked to rational choice theory and structuralism, and features many of their main assumptions. In terms of social behavior, a sociologist is interested in what determines changes of the behavior of an individual. The social exchange theory was established by george homans. Social exchange theory by george homans essay 1699 words. Later, sociologists peter blau and richard emerson further developed the theory. This reading is likely the single most famous synopsis of exchange theory. Background social exchange theory was introduced in 1958 by the sociologist george homans with the publication of his work social behavior as exchange. After homans developed the theory, two other theorists.
Homans devised a framework built on a combination of behaviorism and basic economics. Its elementary forms, his exchange theory and the many different propositions he made to better explain social behavior. Homans defined social exchange as the exchange of activity, tangible or intangible, and more or less rewarding or. The genesis of social exchange theory goes back to 1958, when american sociologist george homans published an article entitled social behavior as exchange. Social exchange theory was created by george homans in 1958.
For instance, both homans and blau and exchange theorists more generally portray individuals as strategic actors who use the resources they have at their disposal in an effort to optimize their rewards. Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a costbenefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. Homans exchange theory is part of the andragogy video series and is available for free as an ibook for download on the ipad. Teori pertukaran perilaku george casper homans george casper homans lahir di boston massachusetts tanggal 11 agustus 1910. There are basically two main fundamental properties the one is selfinterest and the other is interdependence. Homans developed this idea based off of skinners pigeon experiments and then applied it to humans. The social exchange theory proposes that all relations we either form, maintain, or break is due to a costbenefit analysis.
Abst ract to consider social behavior as an exchange of goods may clarify the relations among four bodies of the ory. Much of social life involves interactions between individuals or corporate actors in dyads, groups, organizations or networks that can be viewed as social exchanges. This interesting word simply means that individuals affiliate with one another because of. Homans 1958 advocated that scholars return to what he described as the oldest of theories of social behavior social behavior as exchange p. Whenever there occurs an exchange between two parties, then an individual is looking out for their own economic and psychological needs or benefits. In examining social behavior as exchange, homans 1961 drew upon behaviorism to explain human behavior as comparable. Homans in social behavior as exchange 1958 made a conscious effort to identify and advance this point of view. Social exchange theory suggests that these calculations occur in romantic. Homans 1950, 1958, 1961 proposed examining such an interaction as an exchange following certain basic economic principles revolving. This chapter presents an overview of the main theories of social exchange focusing on the key contributors in sociology, including george homans, peter blau, richard m. Abst ract to consider social behavior as an exchange of goods may clarify the relations among four bodies of theory. If you already know something about exchange theory then you wont learn much by reading it.
As humans, we cherish our social relationships which are based on love, respect, and trust for each other. While social exchange theory is found in economics and psychology, it was first developed by the sociologist george homans, who wrote about it in a 1958 essay titled social behavior as exchange. Pertukaran sosial george caspar homans percaya bahwa sosiologi yang terbangun dari prinsip beberapa proposisi yang merupakan inti dari teori pertukaran sosial. Illuminating the principles of social exchange theory with. Sociologist george homans 1950, 1958, 1961 proposed examining such. Homans memandang perilaku sosial sebagai pertukaran. Social behavior as exchange, american journal of sociology 63. Also, the theory involves economic relationships, it occurs when each party have goods that the other parties value. The following document is an archived chapter from a previous edition of a first look at communication theory by em griffin, the leading college text in the field of communication theory all editions published by mcgrawhill. Interestingly, in his early writings, homans, never uses the phrase social exchange theory.
Social exchange theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Homans first met and became friends with skinner when their terms in the elite harvard society of fellows overlapped, 193436. Homans, who introduced the social exchange theory, belonged to a family that produced 2 us presidents john adams and john quincy adams. Homans that is highly significant to his social exchange theory is the behavioural psychology of b. Social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process. George casper homans born in boston, massachusetts, august 11, 1910 died in cambridge, massachusetts, may 29, 1989, age 78 was an american sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and the exchange theory. Homans enter paper title find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Bab ii george ritzer menjelaskan gagasan george c homans tantang teori pertukaran sebagai berikut. The most basic theory explaining affiliation is propinquity. Homans, george tried to explain the behavior defined in the broadest sense as a result of interaction in which individuals acquire, sell, or share resources. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
George casper homans august 11, 1910 may 29, 1989 was an american sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology and a major contributor to the social exchange theory. Ia meninggal di cambridge massachusetts pada tanggal 29 mei 1989 dalam usia 78 tahun. This article throws light on the four important theories of group formation, i. Homans is best known for his research in social behavior and his works including the human group, social behavior.
The social exchange framework was formally advanced in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the work of the sociologists george homans 1961 and peter blau 1964 and the work of social psychologists john thibaut and harold kelley 1959. The first theory i will touch on is the social exchange theory set presented by george homans. This theory, born from concepts of economics and exchange, tells us how social interaction happens, and shows which are the key factors motivating us to engage. The emphasis on social behavior and the social structures generated and altered by human social interaction has been the main focus of exchange theory in sociology despite homans efforts to ground the theory in a psychology of operant behavior. History of the theory social exchange theory was developed in the year 1958, by the sociologist george homans. Social exchange theory application in the family social exchange theory has numerous applications to working with families. Definition social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties.
The purpose of this exchange is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. The impact of exchange modes on interemployee knowledge sharing pdf. This article is aimed at analyzing critically george caspar homans s theory of exchange. George homans was an american sociologist that founded the exchange theory. Its elementary forms, his exchange theory and the many different propositions he enforced to better explain social behavior. Homans believed that actions and behaviors are only enacted when there is a definite motive. He defined social exchange as the exchange of activity, tangible or intangible and more or less rewarding or costly, between at least.
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